Unix Package Managers

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Outline:

  • APT（Advanced Package Tool)
  • pacman

apt

APT（Advanced Package Tool)

Note: you may have seen sudo apt-get install package-name, apt-get is a more complex and low level command line tool compared to apt. It's only advantage is its stability. Basically, apt is more preferrable and we can use apt all the time.

In Ubuntu, the information about software packages is stored in remote repositories.

  • Update the local package index. Downloads the latest list of available packages from its configured software sources.

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    sudo apt update

    Note: This command does not install or upgrade any packages; it only updates the information about what packages and versions are available.

  • Upgrade installed packages on your system:

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    sudo apt upgrade

    When you run this command, APT (Advanced Package Tool) looks at the latest package information obtained via apt update and upgrades those packages installed on your system to their latest versions. This can include updates to various applications and system components. apt upgrade will not remove any packages or install any that are not already installed.

查看系统已安装的包：

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apt list --installed

apt-get

apt-get is compatible with apt. Software installed using apt-get can be managed with apt, and vice versa. This means you can install software with apt-get and remove it with apt without any issues.

Basically, apt-get has more verbose and detailed output.

pacman

同步存储库数据库，并且更新系统的所有软件包，但不包括不在软件库中的“本地安装的”包：

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pacman -Syu
  • S 代表同步
  • y 代表更新本地存储库
  • u 代表系统更新

brew

brew安装的软件位置千奇百怪, 但都会在/opt/homebrew/opt留下软链接

  • 事实上, brew可能把

安装：

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/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"

  • 查看brew版本:

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    brew --version

  • 查看安装的软件版本:

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    brew info [name]

  • 查看某软件的可安装版本:

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    brew search [name]

  • brew可以对它安装的软件进行版本切换. 在最新的3.x版本使用link:

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    brew unlink go && brew link [email protected]

    低版本的brew使用的是switch, here is Doc

  • 查看brew安装的符号路径: 一般都位于/opt/homebrew/opt

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    brew  --prefix <package>

  • 查看brew安装的软件的实际路径:

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    brew list <package>